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About wjduquette

Author, software engineer, and Lay Dominican.

Lamentation

Lamentation is Ken Scholes’ first novel, and it’s a doozy. The setting is, at first glance somewhat familiar: it’s a post-post-apocalypse novel. Some centuries previous to the action, a technologically and magically advanced civilization collapses in a horrendous war, leading to the time of Laughing Madness. Since then, a new civilization has risen from the ashes of the old, a rise mediated and protected by the brothers of the Androfrancine Order. The new world has not yet risen to the level of the old, and the glories of the past remain refresh in men’s minds.

As such, the backstory is simply a fantasy retelling of the rise of Europe in the wake of the fall of Rome, with the Androfrancine Order playing the part of the Catholic Church: with one significant difference: the Androfrancine Order isn’t a religious order. In Scholes’ own words, the Androfrancines “worship the ‘light’ of human knowledge and accomplishment. Secular humanists and behaviorists start a religion among a small band of survivors to try and protect what’s left of humanity from itself and save what can be saved of its past.” I have doubts about how effective that would be, as I’ve written elsewhere, but it’s a nifty concept for a tale.

In most tales of this post-post-apocalyptic sort, the heroes must fight to prevent civilization from falling again. Ken Scholes has gone one further: the book begins with a fantastic catastrophe in which the entire city of Windwir is destroyed. Windwir is the home of the Order, and of its Great Library, the repository of all of the knowledge the Order has preserved through the centuries—including that which they judged too dangerous to make public. It is the home of most members of the Order, save those who are out on archaeological expeditions, seeking yet more lost knowledge of the ancients. It is the largest city in the land. It is as though, Rome, Athens, Alexandria, and all of the Benedictine monasteries with their libraries were snuffed out in one ghastly moment. Hence the book’s title: Lamentation.

Scholes’ book is not merely post-post-apocalyptic; it’s post-apocalyptic post-post-apocalyptic, which is a move I don’t believe I’ve seen before. It’s like the mystery novel With Malice Aforethought (if I remember the title correctly) that reveals whodunnit in the opening pages. Certainly, I’ve not seen it done with such gusto.

Unlike a typical apocalypse, the lands around Windwir are untouched. The catastrophe is not primarily physical; rather it is political and spiritual. The Order has been the center and organizing principle of the known world for centuries; and now that principle is gone.

On top of this, the civilization that the Order has fostered is fascinating in its own right. There are many different realms in the lands of the Order, each with its own ways, but all tied together by a system of laws and customs and honor called “kin-clave”. The ways of kin-clave are obscure but compelling; I’m curious to know if they are based on any actual culture.

And then there are the characters: Rudolfo the Gypsy-King, bred and shaped to rule, who leads a nomadic life on the Prairie Sea, travelling from one to another of his Nine-fold Houses; Petronus the fisher-man, once Pope of the Order and long thought dead; Jin Li Tam, fair daughter of Vlad Li Tam, steeped in intrigue and her father’s machinations; mad Sethbert, Overseer of of the Entrolusian City States; Neb, Orphan of P’Andro Whym and ward of the devastated Order; the Marsh King; and Vlad Li Tam himself, merchant and puppet-master. Oh, and a talking metal men who might preserve the Order’s most devastating secrets.

From that description, you might expect a novel of ruthless political intrigue, like George R.R. Martin’s The Game of Thrones; but with all due respect to Martin, Scholes’ book is far less tedious. I’m looking forward to the next book in the series.

I’ve written about the Androfrancine Order itself as part of my False Religions series.

Territory

I’ve just finished Territory, by Emma Bull, and I am impressed.

Territory takes place in and around Tombstone, Arizona, in the days leading up to the gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Major characters include Doc Holliday, the Earp brothers, the Clantons, a Chinese sorceror, and a number of folks with serious magical chops. It’s like a collaboration between Larry McMurtry and Tim Powers—and entirely unlike anything else of Bull’s that I’ve read, except that it’s very good. And she makes it look so easy! Go buy it.

What, you want more? Go buy it, already!

False Religions: The Androfrancine Order

The Androfrancine Order appears in Ken Scholes’ novel Lamentation, which I’ve reviewed elsewhere.

Following the collapse of a mighty empire in a war of vast destruction, P’Andro Whym formed the Androfrancine Order to preserve the learning of elder days, to teach useful magic and technology, and to retain and suppress harmful knowledge of the sort that caused the destruction in the first place. Over the following centuries, the order has become the central institution in all the land. The head of the Order is called the Pope; and although the land is now divided into many sometimes squabbling nations, he is regard as King over them all. Meanwhile, the Brothers of the Order send out archaeological teams to the ruined lands seeking yet more lost knowledge, which they preserve in the Library. The Pope is revered by all, and the Order along with him; but the Order is also resented for its control of technology, and for the subtle and secret machinations by which it maintains its position.

Brothers in the Order are celibate, at least in principle, though they sometimes have bastard children; such bastards are raised by the Order as the “Orphans of P’Andro Whym”, are well educated, and often enough join the Order themselves. Between the Brothers and the Pope is a hierarchy of Bishops and Archbishops.

The role the Order plays in Schole’s world is patterned after the role of the Catholic Church in uniting Western civilization and preserving various texts in the scriptoria of countless monasteries after the fall of Rome. This is clearly indicated by the use of the terms “Order”, “Bishop”, “Archbishop”, and “Pope”. But the fascinating thing about the Order is that despite its religious trappings there’s nothing particularly religion-like about it. It has a hierarchy, it has the Gospels of P’Andro Whym, the Pope is honored as a spiritual father by the Brothers…but there is no theology at all. There are mental disciplines of some sort—the Brothers recite quatrains of the Gospels of P’Andro Whym under stress—but the content of the “faith” appears to be entirely materialistic and not at all supernatural. Think of the Abbey of St. Leibowitz without the Catholic faith, and you’ve got it.

For a wonder, there are no Bishops Behaving Badly. It’s clear from Scholes’ book that the members of the order are capable of error and hubris, but for the most part they seem to be carrying out their mission sincerely and with the common good in mind.

It’s such a different conception than usual that most of the categories I’ve come up with don’t apply. It doesn’t make sense to ask whether the beliefs of the Androfrancine Order are true or not, for example, because the Order doesn’t really address eternal verities. And it makes for an interesting book. Ultimately, though, the Androfrancine Order suffers from incoherence. It simply isn’t a believable institution.

The Catholic Church managed to unite Europe because Europe was Christian. But the Androfrancine Order doesn’t really seem to have a religion. There doesn’t seem to be anything about it that would account for the esteem and reverence in which it is held by the population at large; and there’s quite a bit about it that would give powerful men good reason to storm the library and sieze its contents. I could see the Pope of the Order being hated and feared. I could see the Order ruling over mankind with an iron fist. But that doesn’t seem to be how it works. Instead, the Order does what it does, and the people let them, and it seems very unlikely.

There are a number of robots, called “mechoservitors”, in the book, one of which becomes nearly human mentally and emotionally. This is in keeping with the materialist nature of Androfrancine teaching; if intellect is no more than atoms in motion, there’s no reason why a robot can’t be human.

To sum up, we have a number of themes in play here:

  • A Pseudo-Catholic Hierarchy
  • Monasticism (of a sort)
  • Monks Preserving Knowledge
  • Philosophical Materialism
  • Historically Incoherent: This is a value judgement of my own. What I mean is that the social setting at the beginning of Scholes’ book is one that I don’t think could actually have arisen—the forces what would have caused it to develop in those directions and made it stable once there are lacking. Or, of course, they might be hidden from the reader; this is the first book in a series.

Update: I got a note from Ken Scholes himself! He had this to say about the Order:

They worship the “light” of human knowledge and accomplishment. Secular humanists and behaviorists start a religion among a small band of survivors to try and protect what’s left of humanity from itself and save what can be saved of its past. Of course, it backfires down the road a bit despite their best efforts at control.

So there you go!

The Name of the Wind

The Name of the Wind is, so far as I can tell, the first novel by a new author named Patrick Rothfuss; and I enjoyed it considerably.

The novel begins, as fantasy novels so often seem to, in the bar of an small inn in a little village in the back of beyond. The hero, oddly, is not one of the patrons, nor a passing stranger, but the innkeeper himself, a man named Kote. As the action begins, a demon, a spider apparently made of black stone, has attacked one of the locals and fairly sliced his cart horse to ribbons. The local seeks shelter in Kote’s inn, where he breaks in on a drinking party consisting of all of the regulars.

Kote, a quiet man who doesn’t usually intrude himself on his customers, turns out to know something about these demons; and as the action continues and the regulars head off home we discover that Kote is not who he seems. As Kvothe the Bloodless, Kvothe King-Killer, and other lurid names he’s a legend in his own time, and like the famous gunslinger has found that the legend is unpleasant to live with. He’s come to this backwater and changed his name in an attempt to outlive his past. Or not; perhaps he’s just come to die in peace.

So far, so good. Mysterious hero; evil creatures invading sleepy village; clearly Kote is going to have to reveal himself and save the village, and possibly (this being a fantasy novel) the entire world. No sweat. But here the book takes an abrupt left turn.

It seems that an author, a well-known writer of non-fiction books intended to debunk popular misconceptions, has tracked down Kote to his lair, and wants his story. And after a certain amount of discussion, Kote—Kvothe—chooses to tell it. And most of the rest of the book is Kvothe’s first person account of his life.

The Name of the Wind is the first book in a trilogy, unsurprisingly, and so we only hear about Kvothe’s early life, from his earliest days as a member of a family of traveling players through a period as a street urchin (a common trope these days, but well-handled) to his time at the Academy where he studies to be an “arcanist”, i.e., a wizard. And through his story we begin to learn the background of his world, its secret history, and of his enemies the Chandrian, and of his quest to learn the Name of the Wind, the name that will allow him to control the elements of the air.

It’s an odd way to structure a novel, but it works perfectly well; and clearly by the time we reach the end of Kvothe’s story it will be time for him to take action against the demons. I’m rather eager to read the next book.

I’ve discussed the dominant religion in Kvothe’s world, the Church of Tehlu, in the first of my “False Religions” posts.

False Religions: The Church of Tehlu

The Church of Tehlu appears in Patrick Rothfuss’ novel The Name of the Wind. It is the established religion in the regions in which the story takes place.

Rothfuss tells us fairly little about the Church of Tehlu as an institution. We know that there are priests, and that the priests have the support of the rulers. There are persistent rumors about pedophilia among the priesthood; in one city, the street urchins sometimes accept help from the priests of Tehlu, but run when invited to come inside the church. We also know that some of the priests are zealous to seek out and arrest heretics. The general notion is of a corrupt and venal priesthood: Priests Behaving Badly. We do meet one saintly man, one who lives with and cares for the street children, especially those with special needs; and it is hinted that he might once have been a priest of Tehlu. Thus, we have the sense that if there are saints, they are not found in the church.

Rothfuss tells us nothing about the practice of the church. Not only is the main character pretty much unconcerned with religion, there’s little sense of religion playing any significant part in the day-to-day lives of the people he runs into. If there’s a regular day of worship, or any usual sacrifices or tithes, or any daily practice of religion, we are not informed. We do meet one street bully who’s concerned not to anger Tehlu, and we gather that the country folk are more religious (read, more credulous) than the city folk.

There is a yearly festival that is celebrated all across the land that celebrates Tehlu, who delivered mankind from fierce demons.

Tehlu, it seems, is the creator of all that is and of mankind in particular. Tehlu looks down upon earth and sees mankind behaving badly all across the land. In all the world, he finds one good person, a woman whose name I don’t remember, and he speaks with her, and asks petulantly why he shouldn’t destroy mankind for their sins? She argues with him, and asks him how he expects mankind to act, when they are so plagued with demons? They have no time to be good, being so afflicted. Tehlu then incarnates himself in her womb, is born as a man, and grows to adulthood in a matter of months. Declaring himself to be Tehlu, he travels the world hunting down and killing the demons. (As so often in fantasy novels, demons are portrayed as corporeal entities who can be slain.) At last Tehlu gives his life to slay the last of the demons, using a vast iron wheel to cook the demon to death, and returns to the heavens. Hence, the symbol of Tehlu worship is the wheel—which, surprisingly, does not appear to be a symbol of the wheel of time.

The festival celebrates Tehlu’s victory over the demons. During the festival, which lasts a week, the young and young at heart in each town dress as demons and roam about, wreaking havoc, except to those that invoke Tehlu; and one man dresses as Tehlu and roams about banishing the demons one by one.

The essential question to ask about any religion, fictional or otherwise, is “Is it true?” Some fictional religions are intended to be true within the fictional world, and some are not. I’ll use the world theosphere to connote the supernatural reality of a fictional world.

So, is the Church of Tehlu true within the theosphere of Rothfuss’ world? It would appear not. At least, the main character, a man of wider experience than most, thinks that the church of Tehlu is simply a convenient fiction that most people use to explain a world they do not understand. There are no demons; but there are creatures that it’s convenient to call demons when dealing with the simple (i.e., almost anyone but the main character). The true nature of Rothfuss’ theosphere remains opaque.

Thus, The Name of the Wind uses the following standard tropes:

  • Priests Behaving Badly: as explained above.
  • Esotericism: the ultimate truth about the world is veiled from almost everyone, and from the conventionally religious most of all. The hero, however, knows better.
  • Corporeal Demons: As is usual in fantasy, the line of demarcation between the physical and spiritual realms is muddy.
  • Heterodox Saints: saintly behavior is inversely proportional to orthodox church membership.
  • Absence of Practice: although religion is present in the book, practice of religion is conspicuous by its absence. It’s not clear, though, whether practice is absent from Rothfuss’ world, or simply from Rothfuss’ book.

False Religions

I’ve decided to do an on-going series of posts on false religions—or more precisely, fictional religions. It occurred to me today that I’ve recently ruined a number of book reviews by dwelling on the author’s presentation of religion and its reflection on the Catholic Church. I should stop doing that. On the other hand, I read a lot of fantasy novels, and most of them incorporate some kind of religion or religions, and many of them do seem to include some kind of criticism of Catholicism. (In a number of recent books, the description of the local religion seems little more than Bishops Behaving Badly. What am I supposed to think?)

So my plan is this. When I’m reviewing a book, I’m simply going to review the book. And if the book has an interesting, compelling, or repellent religion, I’ll write a post just about that. That way, I can scratch my itch in peace. And in time, I’ll have an interesting little museum of “false religions“.

Five Favorite Devotions

So Julie tagged me with this “Five Favorite Devotions” meme that’s been going around the Catholic blogosphere. After some thought and pondering, here are mine:

  1. The Liturgy of the Hours (aka the Divine Office).
  2. The Rosary.
  3. Spiritual reading, and study in general.
  4. The Oramus prayer
  5. The Novena to the Sacred Heart (in times of need).
  6. Adoration.

As a Lay Dominican, #1, #2, and #3 pretty much come with the territory—not that I only do them because I’m a Lay Dominican, but that I probably wouldn’t have become a Lay Dominican if they didn’t work for me. #5 is for particularly serious needs, generally for other people, so it’s an on-again, off-again kind of thing. #6 depends on time and opportunity, both of which are scarce.

The Riyria Revelations

The Riyria Revelations is a fantasy series by Michael J. Sullivan; four of the projected six novels are now available:

  • The Crown Conspiracy
  • Avempartha
  • Nyphron Rising
  • Emerald Storm

I picked up the first book on a recommendation from Amazon.com, based on previous purchases, and have since read the other three, and have been puzzling over what to say about them for some time now. But more of that anon.

The series is set in a fairly convention post-Tolkien world, and concerns the doings of two thieves, Royce Melborn and Hadrian Blackwater. These are the high-class thieves who take on the hard jobs for the nobility, not your mingy backstreet cutpurses. In the first book they get set up to take the fall for a royal murder, escape, and end up saving the kingdom. It’s clear that by the end of the series they are going to end up saving the known world. (Goes with the territory, I suppose.) Along the way they befriend a princess, work with an ancient wizard, are imprisoned and nearly executed any number of times, have a variety of existential crises, fight fabulous monsters, break into ancient elven fortresses, face their past sins, show surprisingly tender hearts, threaten a dwarf, learn to sail, and prove remarkably trustworthy for a pair of thieves.

The author’s stated purpose is as follows:

Eschewing the recent trends in fantasy toward the lengthy, gritty, and dark, the Riyria Revelations brings the genre back to its roots. Avoiding unnecessarily complicated language and world building for its own sake; this series is a distillation of the best elements of traditional fantasy—great characters, a complex plot, humor, and drama all in appropriate measures.

While written for an adult audience the Riyria Revelations lacks sex, graphic violence, and profanity making it appropriate for readers thirteen and older.

Sullivan has achieved at least part of what he set out to do. This is, indeed, a light, entertaining series. He kept me turning pages through four books, and he’s surprised me on a number of occasions. The series is also full of trite, hackneyed situations, settings, and plot elements, and lots and lots of just plain bad writing.

Some of the problems are simply due to poor editing. There are lots of places where commas are missing; and the pseudo-world “alright” shows up occasionally. Sometimes the composition is clumsy; toward the beginning of the first book he spends four or five paragraphs telling us what a particular city and castle look like…and only then lets it drop that our heroes are looking it over. Sometimes he just betrays a tin ear, as when he refers to the inhabitants of the village of Tur as “Turists”. I suppose “Tureens” might be worse, but “Turists”? The word “villagers” would have worked quite as well. Sometimes he telegraphs his moves so strongly that I know just what’s going to happen next; and then, once in a while, he takes me completely by surprise.

The first book was particularly bad, and I nearly stopped reading after thirty or forty pages. But there was a small vein of gold—or, perhaps, silver—running through the mass of broken quartz, and in the event I kept following it through that book and the next three. To be fair, the writing improves somewhat as the first book progresses, and he gets a better handle on his characters.

In short, I’m rather conflicted. The Riyria Revelations is no diamond, and its setting is very, very rough, and yet I’m enjoying them enough to come back for more. It’s an odd feeling. I can think of much better written books that I’ve liked far less; but I can’t think of any books so poorly written that I’ve liked as well.

I guess it’s kind of like breakfast at a greasy spoon. You have to work around the black, crunchy bits, and it’s all rather greasy, but you knew what you were getting when you ordered it, and for what it is, it isn’t half bad.
Clearly, Your Mileage May Vary.