Ten+Ten Tracks

A meme I’ve seen about: put your iPod on shuffle, and write down the first 10 tunes that come up. In the mood to go the extra mile, I did 20 instead. I used iTunes on my laptop instead, but here they are:

  1. “Long Lankin”, by Steeleye Span. (Beware the moors!)
  2. “Rotten Peaches”, by Elton John.
  3. “Country Road”, by James Taylor. (A churning urn of burning funk.)
  4. “Don’t Stop The Dance”, by Bryan Ferry.
  5. “The Rest of the Night”, by Warren Zevon. (And his hair was perfect!)
  6. “Starman”, by David Bowie. (Ziggy played guitar…)
  7. “Earthrise/Return” by Mannheim Steamroller.
  8. “Tower Hill”, by Clannad.
  9. “I Just Wanna Know”, by Steve Taylor.
  10. “Spotted Cow”, by Steeleye Span.
  11. “Jingo”, by Santana.
  12. “Fermanagh Highland/Donegal Highland/John Doherty’s/King George IV”, by Altan.
  13. “Create in Me a Clean Heart”, by John Michael Talbot and Terry Talbot.
  14. “Little Triggers”, by Elvis Costello.
  15. “Pretty Girl”, by Eric Clapton.
  16. “Stage Fright”, by The Band.
  17. One movement of a recorder concerto by I’m not sure which composer, with the solo part played by Michala Petri.
  18. “Where Do You Hide Your Heart?”, by Amy Grant.
  19. “Brother, Can You Spare A Dime”, by the Weavers.
  20. “We Don’t Need This Fascist Groove Thang”, by Heaven 17.

On odd selection; apparently iTunes was in a mostly quiet mood. I can’t otherwise explain the absence of at least one track by Jethro Tull and The Who, respectively. And these aren’t the tracks I’d probably have picked to highlight any of these artists. (As if I’d have wanted to highlight Heaven 17 in the first place; that last track is from a compilation of New Wave hits I bought in a fit of nostalgia. This is not the track for which I bought it.)

Notebook 3.0.0, Leap-day Snapshot

I’ve been stalled on Notebook development for the last month or so, and I’m not ready to dive back into it in a big way; nor is Notebook 3.0.0 finished, by any stretch of the imagine. Nevertheless it’s reasonably stable at the moment, and there’s quite a lot of interesting stuff in it, so I’ve built Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX executables based on today’s snapshot of the code. You can find them at the Notebook development website. Bugs can be posted at the same place, and users can feel free to contact me questions or problems.

Discovering My Inner Benedictine

Partially as the result of my experiment with the Liturgy of the Hours (which I’m become rather attached to) I’ve grown interested in the topic of monasticism, and more particularly in the monastic “third orders”. The third orders go by different names depending on the orders to which they are attached—there are the Secular Franciscans, the Dominican Laity, the Benedictine Oblates, the Augustinian Seculars, the Secular Carmelites and Carmelite Third Orders, and so forth—but in every case, the members of a third-order are laypeople who are attached in a formal way to the particular order and live their lives (or try to) according to the spirituality of that order, as suitably modified for their positions as laypeople.

Many years ago, Jane and I had a friend (now deceased) who was a third order of the Order of the Holy Cross, an order of Episcopalian monks, probably Benedictine in flavor; he didn’t talk about it much, and rather forgot about the whole notion until I was nosing about the links at a Catholic blog called Disputations. I was briefly acquainted with the author of Disputations around fifteen years ago, when he worked at JPL; we had a shared interest in P.G. Wodehouse. I had no idea at the time that he was Catholic, and maybe he wasn’t. But at some point in the intervening years, according to one of his links, he’d joined something called the Dominican Laity, the current name for what used to be called the Dominican Third Order. I thought that was rather cool, as St. Thomas Aquinas was a Dominican, and as I’ve noted in the past I’m rather fond of St. Thomas.

More recently, I happened on a blog called Perfect Joy, which is written by an anonymous member of the Secular Franciscan Order. In one of the posts I read, he recommended a book entitled Paths to Renewal: The Spirituality of Six Religious Founders, by a Franciscan priest named Fr. Zachary Grant. Grant’s thesis is that anyone who seriously advances in the life of Christ is going to find themselves, whether they realize it or not, following in the footsteps of one of the Six Great Founders: Saint Augustine, St. Benedict, St. Dominic, St. Francis of Assisi, St. Ignatius of Loyola, and St. Teresa of Avila. Each of these saints founded a religious order; each came at a time when the Church was in disarray; each brought renewal, reform, and revitalization to the Church; and each had a characteristic spirituality associated with them and their followers. Grant allows that there is considerable overlap (there had better be) between the six paths, and that there has been almost infinite variation within these six broad categories; and also that they have been rediscovered multiple times. Grant believes that renewal in our day requires serious prayer and devotion, and is most likely to come from those who, whether clergy, monastic, or lay, seriously follow one of these paths. Finally, he thinks it can only be helpful, especially for secular clergy and laity, to figure out which of the six paths they are on.

I was intrigued by the blog post, and so I ordered a copy of Grant’s book. I found it interesting reading, but ultimately unhelpful as any kind of guide. Grant goes to great efforts to mark the differences between the six paths, their characteristic traits and devotions and whatnot, but I’m afraid the distinctions were too subtle to be helpful (for me, at any rate). Someone more familiar with the different orders and their founders might have understood them better, and someone farther advanced in the spiritual life than I am might have recognized his own path clearly among the six, but I didn’t. The two that seemed to resonate a little more than the others were St. Dominic and St. Benedict; but then, those were the two I had the most interest in when I started. And the spirituality of St. Francis, as described, didn’t appeal; but then I didn’t expect it to. There are a lot of Franciscans in California; there’s a Franciscan high school not far from where I work, and the the California missions were founded by Franciscans. And in fact, I had the honor of attending Blessed Junipero Serra’s Beatification mass at the Carmel Mission many years ago; I was on vacation, and simply happened to be at the mission at the right time. Nevertheless, I’m afraid I’ve never been particularly attracted by St. Francis.

Some while ago, Jane had picked up a book, rather on a whim, called Monk Habits for Ordinary People, by a Presbyterian minister named Dennis Okholm. Okholm has, rather surprisingly, for twenty years been an oblate of Blue Cloud Abbey, a Benedictine monastery in South Dakota, and his purpose in writing the book was to make Benedictine spirituality accessible to other Protestants. I’d glanced at it at the time, but no more than that; a couple of days ago Jane reminded me of it, and I more or less devoured it. Portions are tedious, as when Okholm spends not a little time explaining why Benedict has something to say to Protestants; and given a few of his remarks I’m afraid that Okholm’s Eucharistic theology might be a little “higher” than is safe for a Presbyterian minister. But the bulk of the book is an overview of Benedictine spirituality, and I found it fascinating.

Okholm highlights the Benedictine virtues of Poverty (a very different thing than Franciscan Poverty), Obedience, Humility, Hospitality, Stability, and Balance; the Benedictine motto, “Peace”; and the role in the Benedictine life of Prayer, Work, and Study. And in pretty much every section I found something that resonated with my life over the last few years. Some of them were recent developments, and others were of long standing; and a number of them came as surprises.

Clearly, I’m not about to run off and join a Benedictine monastery, but I don’t need to—the monastic life and Christian family life have a suprising amount in common. In each case you have a collection of people who are committed to living peacefully together, all of whom are imperfect and so take some living with, and all of whom are at different places in their journey toward Christ. The required virtues are the same, and a similar balance is required between Work, Study, and Prayer.

In a nutshell, I think I’m going to need to explore Benedictine spirituality further.

Milestones

Today, my two older kids made their First Confession, and Jane made her first confession as a Roman Catholic. Woo-hoo! (Me, I just made a plain old ordinary confession.) And then we went out for ice cream.

The City in the Lake, by Rachel Neumeier

Many years ago now, Rachel Neumeier wrote me and suggested that I read Rumer Godden’s In This House of Brede. Some years later, observing that I hadn’t reviewed it yet, she wrote me again and suggested that I read it. Eventually it came back into print, I snagged a copy, and of course I loved it. Last year, she wrote me saying that she’d signed a book deal; and a few weeks ago she wrote me and asked if I’d like an advance copy of her first book. I said yes, naturally. It arrived on Monday, and I opened it eagerly.

On reflection, I’m not entirely sure why I opened it eagerly; certainly, I had no particular reason to think that it would be any good. The only points in Rachel’s favor, other than her brief, scattered notes, are her love for Rumer Godden and the fact that the she was able to sell the book to a major publisher. But love of great writing is no guarantee of skill, and I’ve certainly seen enough dreck published by major publishers. But, nevertheless, I opened it eagerly…and the bottom line is that I wasn’t disappointed.

The book is a fantasy novel aimed at the “teen” segment of the market. As the book opens, the crown prince of the realm has gone missing; an intense search ensues, led by the crown prince’s elder brother, Neill the Bastard, but to no avail. Next, we come to a small village on the far side of the Great Forest from the main city of the realm. This particular village is notable for having its own mage, a great rarity, and the mage has a daughter named Timou. We read a bit about Timou’s training as mage, and her relations with the other girls in the village, and about her budding romance with a newcomer to the village, a man named Jonas, a romance that is stifled by the demands of Timou’s training.

Then, things begin to happen in earnest. The king disappears, and in the village babies begin to be born dead. And not just babies; livestock and wild animals are affected in the same way. Timou’s father leaves the village, searching for an answer, and doesn’t return. And eventually, of course, Timou must follow, while Neill must bear both the responsibilities of the realm and the suspicion that he has done away with his father and brother; and therein hangs the tale.

I don’t want to reveal more of the plot, but I’ve a number of observations to make. First, this didn’t read like a first novel. The prose is skillful, and flows smoothly. You can usually tell within the first few paragraphs whether you’re in good hands; I was. Second, while it’s being marketed as a teen novel I can’t see any reason why it wouldn’t do well in the science fiction shelves as well. The book’s very clear that men and women, who might not be married yet or ever, can come together and have sex and have babies—there are references to courting couples finding a spot in the woods, and a farmer Timou gets a ride with is clearly expecting payment in kind—but the text isn’t in any way explicit or off-color, and the fruits of infidelity are clearly Not Good, so I see no reason why the book would be inappropriate for older children. (I recall Chesterton commenting that either the characters are wicked, or the book is.) Third, Rachel does good Faerie.

This last is hard for me to explain, but I’ll try. I owe my notion of Faerie almost entirely to Tolkien’s short story “Smith of Wooton Major”. It’s a place where humans do not rightly belong though they may sometimes stray in, or even be invited. It’s a place beyond human understanding, a place with its own laws, few of which are understood by human visitors, and those that are known are known only in part. It is perilous, and those that enter seldom leave unscathed—or perhaps “unchanged” would be a truer word. Properly done, Faerie evokes a sense of wonder, a sense of being drawn into something larger, a sense of dangerous beauty. (At least, it does for me. As Lewis notes somewhere, for some folks it doesn’t work at all.)

Very little I run across in the fantasy genre these days even attempts to enter Faerie. Most fantasy novels I see are realistic in tone, and treat the magical arts as simply the technology proper to the fantasy world. They might not be entirely understood, but there’s the sense that only further research is required. (Jim Butcher’s Codex Alera novels are an excellent example of this. I like ’em, but there ain’t no Faerie there, nohow.) Lord Dunsany could do it, and Tolkien managed it in his short stories “Smith of Wootton Major” and “Leaf by Niggle”; The Lord of the Rings at its most Faerie is still realistic in tone. Roald Dahl managed it sometimes; I recall Benjamin the True fondly, though I’ve not read it since my childhood. I dunno whether it would work for me now. Rachel does it very well, which puts her in illustrious company. And in fact, by the fourth or fifth chapter I was riveted.

The difficulty with books that evoke Faerie is that much of the reader’s response comes from within the reader rather than from the book itself. And there are two cases. Sometimes the book honestly and fully evokes the response, and sometimes the reader in their eagerness fills in the gaps in a book that dances well but has an empty heart. In the latter case, the book will often disappoint on a second reading, or at a later stage in life. I’m minded of an author I read avidly my first year or so of college, Nancy Springer; I came back to her books a little after I got married and as I recall there was nothing left in them for me.

The question then is, which kind of book is The City in the Lake? It’s too early for me to be sure, of course; but I think Lewis points the way. Some books, he points out, are read just for the fun of reading them. Others take up residence in your head, and you ponder them, and begin to fill in the gaps on your own: Why did so-and-so do such-and-such? How did so-and-so get from hither to yon, and was he doing in the meantime? What does it mean?

In contemplating the book prior to writing this review, I’ve often found myself doing just this. I’ll form an initial, somewhat critical impression of some aspect of the book…and then find counter-examples rushing to mind. There’s surprising depth, here, and goodness.

But I’m in danger of gushing. Point is, I liked it, and I’m eager to see whether Rachel can do it again.

The book’s due to be released in hardcover this coming July; you can preorder it from Amazon should you be minded to do so.

Forbearance: A Meditation

I was pondering the Sorrowful Mysteries today, and had some reflections I thought were worth sharing.

Ever since Nicaea, the Church has held that Christ has two natures: He is fully human, and fully divine, at one and the same time. His two natures cannot be separated, but are nevertheless distinct. This is a difficult thing to keep in mind (he said with dry understatement). While knowing and believing that Jesus is God-Incarnate, Man Divine, I tend not to think about Jesus’ human side. But Jesus was a man like us in all things but sin. And that means He had a choice.

Jesus didn’t have to do it. The essence of His sacrifice—the thing that makes it a sacrifice—is that He had a choice. At any time during His passion, with but a word, or perhaps even a thought, He could have summoned the hosts of Heaven. He could not be forced to submit to the lash, the thorns, the mockery, the spitting, the slapping, the road to Calvary, the Cross, the nails, the spear; He chose to submit to these things. All the while He was suffering and bearing the pain and humiliation, He in his humanness must needs also force Himself to continue to do so. With every lash He must, of His own free will, choose to bear the next one. It was His choice.

We know that it wasn’t easy for Him. He spent the night in Gethsemane agonizing over the choice, and asking His Father that this cup might pass from His lips.

One of the early heresies held that Jesus had no Human nature, but was only Divine; the Passion was therefore easy for Him. The Church rejected this. Indeed, it seems to me (I hope I do not fall into heresy with this) that during His Passion, Jesus needed to be most fully Human, that his Divine self could give little or no aid. We know that on the Cross there came a moment when He felt utterly abandoned, and He cried out, “My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?”

What enabled Him to bear so much suffering, and to choose to let it continue for so many hours? If it wasn’t His Divinity, what could it be? So I asked myself. And the answer, of course, was Love. Jesus allowed the suffering to continue out of Love. Love for you and I; but also Love for the very men who were tormenting Him. He was God; He could easily have destroyed them with a word. But He loved them, and forgave them even as they killed Him.

And so, I thought…maybe in His Human suffering He had one Divine aid: He was able to Love us with the Father’s Love.

And then I thought…maybe not. Maybe Jesus had to do it all in His own strength, as you and I cannot do. Maybe for His sacrifice to have meaning, His Humaness was on its own. The words from the Cross seem to indicate this.

In that case, we were saved, in that time of suffering, by Jesus’ purely Human love, by His strength of will in the greatest of the virtues, Charity.

Jesus, being free from concupiscence, that tendency to sin from which all the rest of us suffer, was not thereby free from temptation, this we know. As He was free from sin, we can assume He had no vices. But it does not follow that in human terms his virtues were innate. Perhaps he had to cultivate them as the rest of us do…through constant practice.

Thirty-three years of practice.

Perhaps that’s the reason for the Lost Years, from His visit to the Temple when He was twelve until the beginning of His public ministry eighteen years later. Perhaps that’s how long it took, leading a perfect and holy life, to develop that charity, that heroic virtue, that would enable Him to bear the torments and humiliations of His Passion with patience, forbearance, and love.

Update: I’ve just read that St. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologica, teaches that Jesus had all of the virtues in heroic measure from the instant of his conception. Me, I’m not going to argue with St. Thomas. Oh, well.

Big Bag o’ Books

Over the last year I’ve read quite a few books that I never got around to reviewing. Some had a bearing on my decision to return to the Catholic Church, and were omitted because I wasn’t ready to go public with that; others I simply never got to. I’d like to acknowledge these books, some of which I thoroughly enjoyed, but in most cases I don’t feel like I can give them a thorough review after so long. Consequently, and most unusually, I’ve decided to do one or two grand grab bag posts, and get ’em all out of the way with a few words each.

Hah! Words have a way of multiplying. So grab your popcorn; this might take a while.

The Dresden Files, by Jim Butcher. Harry Dresden is more or less your basic hardboiled PI with a heart of gold…except that he’s not a PI. Instead, he’s a wizard-for-hire. He lives in Chicago in a basement apartment heated only by a wood-burning fireplace and keeps his milk cold in an old-fashion icebox, because electronics go wonky when he’s around. Sometimes he consults with the police department, but most of Chicago’s boys in blue think he’s a charlatan. From his point of view that’s OK—the world out there is scarier than most people imagine, and it’s his job to keep it that way. If the White Council doesn’t execute him first.

Sometimes a book will jump off of the shelf into my hands, and sometimes I’m desperately looking for something to read. But usually, I wait until I get two intersecting recommendations for a book or series by an author I’m not familiar with. In this case, I got the recommendations from Julie of Happy Catholic, and Ian of Benevolent Misanthropy (née Banana Oil). That’s a considerable angle of parallax, and so even though the first two books in the series (Storm Front and Fool Moon) didn’t grab me I soldiered on. There were some really good moments, and Ian had warned me that Butcher really hit his stride with the third. I read up through book 8 during my spate of travelling last year, and had a lot of fun with them.

Be warned; Dresden hangs out at the “Horror” end of the Dark Fantasy spectrum, so there’s a fair amount of gore and occasionally some rather outré sex (there are vampires involved, natch). The ninth book, White Night, is due out in paperback in a couple of days, and I am so there.

The Codex Alera, by Jim Butcher. Mr. Butcher’s been busy, and he’s also been working one of the more interesting fantasy series I’ve run into in a while. The series includes four books, at the moment: The Furies of Calderon, Academe’s Fury, Cursor’s Fury (just out in paperback) and Captain’s Fury (just out in hardback). I’ve enjoyed the first three—more than the Dresden books, truth-to-tell. The series takes place in the land of Alera, on a world densely populated by a variety of races, some human, some nearly human, and some not at all human. The folk of Alera are human, descendants of a sizeable quantity of Romans who were transported to this world by some means as yet undisclosed. Alera is also densely populated by elementals, colloquially known as “furies”; and virtually all Alerans have the ability to communicate with and command furies to a greater or lesser extent. Aleran society is roughly feudal; the noble families are precisely those which have shown a great capacity to command the furies. There’s an interesting political situation, an interesting backstory, interesting enemies, and some neat characters, and I’m quite curious to see where Butcher takes it next.

1812: The Rivers of War, by Eric Flint. This is the first book in yet another alternate history series: what if Sam Houston hadn’t gotten seriously wounded fighting the Creek Indians with Andrew Jackson…and went on to be more thoroughly involved in the War of 1812? Houston had ties to the Cherokee nation…perhaps, instead of the Trail of Tears, something different might have arisen…. I was hesitant to pick this up, being greatly annoyed with Flint over how long it was taking for the follow-on to 1634: The Galileo Affair to be released as a paperback, but eventually I did and enjoyed it considerably. The sequel, 1824: The Arkansas War, is now out in paperback; I have it but have not yet read it.

C.S. Lewis’s Dangerous Idea, by Victor Reppert. In Chapter 3 of Miracles, Lewis argues that the fact that we can reason shows that philosophical materialism is necessarily false: that if we were, in fact, the result of a mindless, purposeless system of physics and chemistry that scientific reasoning itself would be fundamentally flawed and not worthy of being believed.

I will not attempt to restate his argument here.

It is generally held, evidently, that Lewis was mistaken—that his argument was insufficient to prove his point. In this book, Reppert disagrees…and goes so far as to extend, strengthen and complete Lewis’ argument, making it even stronger. Or so the back cover blurb would indicate; once Reppert got down to brass tacks and began to lay out his argument, I was completely at sea and soon gave up reading.

C.S. Lewis and the Catholic Church, by Joseph Pearce. By the end of Lewis’s life, he was the highest of High Church Anglicans, and engaged in all sorts of practices, up to and including private confession, and believed all sorts of things, up to and including the notion of purgatory, that are more regularly associated with Roman Catholicism. Pearce asks the question: given that Lewis’ religious life was so Anglo-Catholic, why didn’t he take the next step and join the Roman Catholic Church? This is a very natural question, I might add, for those Roman Catholics who love and esteem Lewis deeply.

In the end, of course, the question is unanswerable, for Lewis evidently never gave any definitive answer. There is some evidence, I gather, that he contemplated making such a step but could never quite bring himself to it. While warning against simplistic answers to complex questions, Pearce traces it home primarily to Lewis’s youth as a member of the Church of Ireland. Lewis described his father as being fairly “high” in his churchmanship; but Pearce makes it clear that “high” for the Church of Ireland in that time and place was still remarkably “low” compared to, say, the Oxford Movement, and of course anti-Catholicism was in the air. (Lewis remarks somewhere about his friendship with J.R.R. Tolkien that it violated two pieces of advice he’d been given: never to trust a Catholic and never to trust a philologist.) If I recall correctly, the Church’s Marian doctrines were also a sticking point, though Pearce (again, if I recall correctly) also linked this back to Lewis’s childhood in some way. Pearce also suggests that Lewis’ espousal of “Mere Christianity” relates to his inability to come to terms with Rome: if Christian unity could not be found in Rome, it had to be found in something more general.

Bottom line? I dunno. Lewis has certainly had a greater influence on the progress and content of my faith than any other single writer, and for that I’m grateful. Pearce’s book? I found it interesting, but I guess that’s as far as I can go.

Six Frigates, by Ian W. Toll. This is book about the construction of the United States’ first six heavy frigates, the cornerstone of the American Navy and the key to winning the War of 1812. I don’t have much to say about it, but I spent quite a bit of my time during our last summer vacation reading it, which for a history book ought to be a pretty good recommendation, unless you prefer your history dry, pedantic, and in small doses. If you’ve any interest in history, and particularly in the Age of Sail, this is well-worth your time.

Adventures in Orthodoxy, by Fr. Dwight Longenecker. Fr. Longenecker, an American by birth, went to England, became Anglican, was ordained an Anglican priest, served for many years, and was then received into the Roman Catholic Church. He spent many years as a layman, during which he wrote this book; some while back he started a blog called Standing on My Head, and shortly thereafter was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest. He’s currently serving as chaplain to a Catholic school in South Carolina. Not surprisingly, when I ran across this book last summer during one of my business trips (to Orlando, Florida, if I recall correctly) I snagged it and brought it home. And, I’m afraid, quite thoroughly failed to appreciate it. I don’t know why; it didn’t strike me as badly written, or dull, but it didn’t really grab me. I’m holding on to it, and I expect I’ll give it another try some day.